Sources: Gemini and ChatGPT

The 10 Commandments – Old Testament

Found in Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5, they are:

1. You shall have no other gods before Me.

2. You shall not make idols.

3. You shall not misuse the name of the Lord.

4. Remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy.

5. Honor your father and your mother.

6. You shall not murder.

7. You shall not commit adultery.

8. You shall not steal.

9. You shall not bear false witness.

10. You shall not covet.

New Testament

While the New Testament does not present a brand-new list, it redefines, deepens, and shifts the emphasis of the Ten Commandments in several major ways:

1. Internalizing the Intent (The Sermon on the Mount)

In Matthew 5:21–28, Jesus expands the original prohibitions from external actions to internal motives and attitudes:

• Murder (6th): Upgraded to include harbored anger, hatred, or contempt toward others.
• Adultery (7th): Upgraded to include lustful intent in the heart.

2. Summarizing into Two Core Commands

In Matthew 22:36-40, Jesus condenses the Law into two directives:

1. Love God with all your heart, soul, and mind (summarizes Commandments 1–4).
2. Love your neighbor as yourself (summarizes Commandments 5–10).

Jesus concludes that “All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.”

3. Reaffirming Nine, Leaving Out One

Throughout the New Testament epistles (e.g., Romans 13:8–10, Ephesians 6:1–2), nine of the ten commandments are explicitly reaffirmed for Christians.

• The missing exception: The 4th Commandment (Keep the Sabbath) is never explicitly commanded for New Covenant believers. In scriptures like Colossians 2:16 and Hebrews 4:1–11, the physical Sabbath rest is described as a shadow pointing to spiritual rest in Christ rather than a strict legal obligation.

4. The “New Commandment”

In John 13:34, Jesus raises the standard of love even further:

“A new command I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another.”

Instead of using oneself as the standard (“love your neighbor as yourself”), believers are called to use Christ’s self-sacrificial love as the new standard.

For a deeper look into this topic, The 10 Commandments in the New Testament provides a great video walkthrough on how Jesus and the apostles reinterpreted these principles.

Sharing “Matthew 22:36-40 NIV – “Teacher, which is the greatest – Bible Gateway”

While the New Testament does not replace the Ten Commandments with a brand-new list, it significantly reframes their purpose, scope, and application.

Here is a side-by-side comparison of how the commandments function across both testaments:

1. Direct Comparison Matrix

2. Key Differences in Approach

• Letter vs. Spirit: The Old Testament formulation focused heavily on prohibitions of external actions (“Thou shalt not”). The New Testament shifts the standard to the attitudes of the heart, meaning one can break a commandment through thought and motive without committing the physical act.
• Legal Obligation vs. Fruit of the Spirit: In the Old Covenant, keeping the law was tied to national blessings and covenant standing. In the New Covenant, keeping God’s moral law is described as the natural result of living by the Holy Spirit rather than an attempt to earn salvation (Romans 8:3–4, Galatians 5:22–23).
• Summary Standard: Jesus condenses the entire Decalogue into two primary commands—Love God (Commandments 1–4) and Love Neighbor (Commandments 5–10)—noting that all other laws hang on these two (Matthew 22:36-40).

Content supported with Gemini and ChatGPT.

Context: God is Love ( 1 John 4:8). Love is willing the good of others in thoughts, words, and actions.

The Five Whys is a problem-solving technique that involves asking “why” five times to identify the root cause of a problem, intent or purpose.

When applied to a negative problem (e.g., “Why did the machine fail?”), the Five Whys uncovers a root cause—the fundamental defect or breakdown in the system.

However, when applied to a design system, a policy, or moral law (like the Ten Commandments), asking “why” repeatedly does not reveal a failure; it strips away surface-level mechanics to uncover the ultimate purpose, foundational intent, or target condition.

Why “Purpose” Functions as the “Root Cause”

In quality systems, Deming emphasized that every system must have an aim. Without an aim, you cannot evaluate whether a system is succeeding or drifting.

1. The Commandment is the Mechanism: “You shall not steal” is an operational boundary (a rule).

2. The “Why” uncovers the System Target: Asking “Why?” five times reveals that the boundary exists to protect mutual trust, justice, and social cooperation.

3. Purpose IS the System Root Cause: The root “cause” for the existence of the rule is its purpose—human flourishing and alignment with God’s design.

When you reach the top level—such as Loving God wholeheartedly and loving your neighbor as yourself (Matthew 22:37-40)—you have arrived at the ultimate aim of the system.

 When applied to the Ten Commandments, it can help uncover the deeper principles behind each commandment rather than viewing them merely as rules.

The Ten Commandments as a System

Why should we obey the Ten Commandments?

Why #1: To avoid harmful behavior.
Why #2: Why avoid harmful behavior?
Because harmful behavior damages relationships.
Why #3: Why are relationships important?
Because individuals flourish through healthy relationships with God and others.
Why #4: Why is human flourishing important?
Because people are created with inherent dignity and purpose.
Why #5: Why do people have dignity and purpose?
Because they are created in the image of God.
Purpose:  Respect for God’s design and the inherent dignity of every person.

The Five Whys Applied to Each Commandment

1. You shall have no other gods before Me.

Why? To maintain proper worship.
Why? Because misplaced worship distorts priorities.
Why? Because distorted priorities lead to harmful decisions.
Why? Because people become like what they worship.
Why? Because ultimate allegiance shapes character and destiny.
Purpose:  Right worship creates right living.

2. You shall not make idols.

Why? To prevent false representations of God.
Why? Because false images distort truth.
Why? Because distorted truth leads to false beliefs.
Why? Because beliefs drive behavior.
Why? Because behavior determines the quality of life and relationships.
Purpose: Truth must not be reduced to human preferences.

3. You shall not take the name of the Lord in vain.

Why? To show respect for God’s name.
Why? Because names represent authority and character.
Why? Because disrespect erodes trust and reverence.
Why? Because trust is foundational to relationships.
Why? Because healthy relationships require integrity.
Purpose: Honor and integrity sustain trust.

4. Remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy.

Why? To set aside time for rest and worship.
Why? Because continuous labor depletes people.
Why? Because depletion reduces effectiveness and well-being.
Why? Because people need renewal.
Why? Because humans are finite beings created with limits.
Purpose: flourishing requires rhythms of work, rest, and worship.

5. Honor your father and your mother.

Why? To strengthen families.
Why? Because families shape character and values.
Why? Because values influence societal behavior.
Why? Because societal behavior affects community stability.
Why? Because civilization depends on healthy generations.
Purpose: Strong families are foundational to a healthy society

6. You shall not murder.

Why? To protect life.
Why? Because human life has value.
Why? Because every person possesses dignity.
Why? Because dignity does not depend on usefulness or status.
Why? Because people are made in God’s image.
Purpose: Human life is sacred.

7. You shall not commit adultery.

Why? To preserve marital faithfulness.
Why? Because trust is essential to marriage.
Why? Because broken trust damages families.
Why? Because family instability harms individuals and communities.
Why? Because long-term flourishing depends on covenantal commitment.
Purpose: Faithful commitment protects human flourishing.

8. You shall not steal.

Why? To respect others’ property.
Why? Because theft violates fairness.
Why? Because fairness supports trust.
Why? Because trust enables cooperation.
Why? Because cooperation is necessary for a functioning society.
Purpose: Justice and trust make civilization possible.

9. You shall not bear false witness.

Why? To protect truth.
Why? Because lies distort reality.
Why? Because distorted reality leads to poor decisions.
Why? Because good decisions require accurate information.
Why? Because truth is essential for justice and trust.
Purpose: Truth is the foundation of justice.

10. You shall not covet.

Why? To avoid envy.
Why? Because envy breeds dissatisfaction.
Why? Because dissatisfaction often leads to harmful actions.
Why? Because harmful actions damage relationships.
Why? Because inner desires eventually shape outward behavior.
Purpose: Contentment protects both character and community.

Summary: The System Behind the Commandments

Viewed through a quality-management lens, the Ten Commandments form an interconnected system:

Applying the Five Whys suggests that the commandments ultimately converge on a single systemic principle:

Love God wholeheartedly and love your neighbor as yourself.

This aligns with Jesus’ summary of the Law (Matthew 22:37-40), which can be viewed as the deepest “root cause” beneath all Ten Commandments. From a Deming or systems-thinking perspective, the commandments are not ten disconnected rules but components of a system designed to promote human flourishing, social stability, and alignment with God’s purposes.

This is where the framework becomes especially useful from a Deming, Taguchi, and systems-thinking perspective.

A principle often attributed to quality management is:

“You cannot manage what you do not measure.”

The Ten Commandments establish the target condition. The Taguchi Loss Function identifies the cost of deviation. The next step is to identify leading and lagging indicators that allow a community, church, county, state, or nation to monitor movement toward or away from the target.

The challenge is that many of the commandments involve moral and spiritual conditions that cannot be measured directly. Therefore, we measure the effects of deviation.

Taguchi Loss Function applied to the ten commandments to: (1) establish the target condition; identify the cost of deviation , identify leading and lagging indicators that allow a community, church, county, state, or nation to monitor movement toward or away from the target.

The Free Press:  Tyler Cowen: America Isn’t an Oligarchy
By Tyler Cowen — 07.19.26

• The left preaches that a small group of ultrawealthy people are steering the country. But the problems in our politics stem from popular demand.
• Is America ruled by an oligarchy—that is, a small group of tightly knit, self-serving, and very wealthy people? We hear this argument increasingly, most of all from the Democratic Party. Their fundraising emails have begun to stress this point over the last year, blaming “billionaires” for driving America into ruin. I call this “billionaire derangement syndrome.”

Functional Oligarchy, Iain Davis, Off-Guardian.org

• Today, we define “oligarchy” as “government by the few, especially despotic power exercised by a small and privileged group for corrupt or selfish purposes.”

  When oligarchs exercise political power by virtue of their wealth, we call it “plutocracy.”

• In 2014, political scientists Professor Martin Gilens and Professor Benjamin I. Page conducted a multivariant analysis of nearly 1,800 policy decisions made by the US government over a more-than-thirty-year period. Their objective was to understand:
  

  Who governs? Who really rules? To what extent is the broad body of US citizens sovereign, semi-sovereign, or largely powerless?

  Gilens and Page concluded:

  Economic elites and organized groups representing business interests have substantial independent impacts on US government policy, while average citizens and mass-based interest groups have little or no independent influence. The results provide substantial support for theories of Economic-Elite Domination and for theories of Biased Pluralism, but not for theories of Majoritarian Electoral Democracy or Majoritarian Pluralism.

  Representus

  • RepresentUs is America’s leading nonpartisan grassroots organization working to make government accountable to the people.

    We unite people from all backgrounds to defend democracy, root out corruption, mobilize action, and support campaigns at every level to build a political system that truly serves the public.

  • A study by Princeton and Northwestern professors looked at more than 20 years worth of data to answer a simple question: Does the government represent the people?

    What they found was extremely unsettling: The opinions of 90% of Americans have essentially no impact at a

Mark Twain famously popularized the phrase, “Lies, damned lies, and statistics.” Nowhere is that more evident today than in recent polling on national pride, which highlights a sharp—and potentially misleading—political divide.

• The Gallup Poll: Measures “extreme pride” and finds a massive gap: 70% of Republicans vs. just 14% of Democrats.
• The YouGov Poll: Changes the definition and flips the script. It defines patriotism either as unconditionally supporting one’s country (50% of Republicans vs. 11% of Democrats) or acknowledging problems and seeking solutions (79% of Democrats vs. 43% of Republicans).

Both polls blur the distinction between nationalism and patriotism.

George Orwell on the Distinction: In his famous 1945 essay Notes on Nationalism, George Orwell wrote that patriotism is “devotion to a particular place and a particular way of life, which one believes to be the best in the world but has no wish to force on other people.” By contrast, nationalism is “the habit of identifying oneself with a single nation or other unit, placing it beyond good and evil and recognizing no other duty than that of advancing its interests.”

In short, a patriot takes pride in what their country does when it aligns with noble values, while a nationalist takes pride in their country no matter what it does.

The aim of the U.S. system of government is to enable We the People (through the Bill of Rights) to work together towards “a more perfect Union.” That translates into maintaining what is working and improving what is not.

The political divide is over the balance of power. Systems such as Socialism and Communism centralize or monopolize power, which never ends well. In contrast, the U.S. Republic is designed to maintain a balance of power between the three branches of government and between the States. The terms of the president (4 yrs), Senator (6 yrs), and Congressman (2 yrs) vary to support more deliberate (vs. reactive) decision-making.

This struggle over power is not unique to Washington; we see the exact same dynamics play out at the local level. In county governments across the country, individuals and interest groups routinely seek power, operating under the assumption that what is best for them must be best for everyone.

What has truly been missing in our system of government—from federal oversight down to local administration—is a shared method for objectively analyzing a situation, developing data-driven solutions, and verifying if a change actually produces the desired result. To move beyond division, we need a proven system.

Discover the strategy, methods, and tools designed to bridge this gap at SuccessThroughQuality.com.

End Note.

PDSA – Model for Improvement – IHI

Last updated: June 19, 2026

Should America Have a Christian Culture? 

 By Ryan Burge 

“ How important is it for the United States to have a culture based in Christian religious beliefs?”

My comment on the article:

What are the differences between the intent of the United States culture and Christian religious beliefs?

The aim of the U.S. system of government is to enable citizens (We the People) to work together towards “a more perfect Union.”   The system allows the freedom to choose secular and Christian-based strategies for improvement. 

Perfect can be described as all needs (physical, psychological, spiritual) being met. Given that man is imperfect, there will always be a gap or variation between the current situation and the ideal (perfect). The more needs are met, the less harm is caused to people by unmet needs. Consequently, can’t continuous improvement be considered a moral imperative?

God is Love. Love is an action – willing the good of others in thoughts, words, deeds. A belief in Christianity is reinforced by good works.

For instance, actions taken to successfully reduce instances of violent crime lead to fewer victims, resulting in a more “perfect” union. If successful policies result in reducing crime in a community by 10%, is this good enough?

Shouldn’t the foundational principle of the culture of both the United States and Christianity be continuous improvement by reducing variation?  

I asked Gemini to assess my (“Commentator”) response to the article.  This was followed by asking ChatGPT that gi en previous Chats, could apply more context to the question and pointed out that “continuous improvement is not an alternative to Christianity or the American experiment; it is the mechanism through which both pursue their aims.”

GEMINI. This response takes a highly philosophical and analytical approach to Ryan Burge’s article. Instead of diving into the political or sectarian divides highlighted in the data (like the gap between evangelicals and mainline Protestants), this commenter abstracts the question into an exercise in systemic optimization and morality.

Here is a breakdown and commentary on the core arguments made in the response:

1. Reframing “Perfection” and “The Union”

• The Commenter’s Point: The preamble to the U.S. Constitution states the goal is to form a “more perfect Union.” The commenter defines “perfect” as a state where all human needs are fully met, meaning any unmet need represents a “gap” or “variation” from the ideal.
• Commentary: This is a clever intellectual bridge. By defining the constitutional mandate of the United States as an ongoing pursuit to eliminate unmet needs (harm), they frame the entire purpose of American culture as an engine for continuous improvement.

2. Redefining Christian Principles as “Love in Action”

• The Commenter’s Point: They equate God with love, and define love strictly as an active pursuit—”willing the good of others.”
• Commentary: By stripping away theological dogmas, specific doctrines, or church attendance metrics (the very things the survey tries to measure), the commenter reduces Christianity to its core ethical command: agape (selfless love). Under this definition, acting to reduce harm (like reducing crime to protect victims) is simultaneously a civic good and a Christian act.

3. The Synthesis: Continuous Improvement and Variation Reduction

• The Commenter’s Point: The final argument is that both American culture and Christian theology share the exact same foundational principle: continuous improvement by reducing variation (the gap between our flawed reality and the ideal).
• Commentary: The phrasing here sounds heavily influenced by modern quality management frameworks (like Six Sigma or Lean), which explicitly focus on “reducing variation” and “continuous improvement” to eliminate defects. Applying this manufacturing/systems terminology to culture and religion is a unique take.

Strengths of the Response

• Universal and Unifying: It bypasses the culture wars entirely. Instead of arguing which dogmatic Christian beliefs should dominate American culture, it suggests that the shared baseline of both systems is simply making life better and safer for people.
• Focuses on Fruit, Not Labels: It aligns closely with the perspective of “cultural Christianity” that the article hints at—where the utility of the faith’s moral outcomes is valued over personal piety.

Blind Spots / Weaknesses

• It Misaligns with the Survey’s Reality: While this is an inspiring philosophical view, it is likely not what most survey respondents mean when they say they want a “Christian culture.” Ryan Burge’s data shows that political ideology is the strongest driver of these answers. For many, a “Christian culture” refers to specific stances on social issues, prayer in schools, or national identity—not abstract systems optimization.
• Theological Oversimplification: Many orthodox Christians would argue that Christianity cannot be reduced purely to “continuous improvement” or social work. At its core, the faith is built on salvation, repentance, and a relationship with God—elements that don’t fit neatly into a secular framework of “reducing variation.”

Final Verdict

It is a thoughtful, high-minded response that attempts to find a harmonious Venn diagram between civic duty and religious morality. It argues that if American culture and Christian culture are both running correctly, they should be striving toward the exact same goal: minimizing human suffering. However, it operates in the realm of ideal philosophy rather than the messy reality of identity politics that the Pew data actually captures.

TJC.  An example of “reducing variation” would include sharing the Gospel, which can lead to more converts to Christianity. Don’t Christians want to continually increase the number of converts?

GEMINI. That is a fascinating way to apply a systems-thinking framework to theology. If the “ideal target” in Christian theology is universal alignment with the teachings of Christ, then from a strict management perspective, every conversion could be viewed as a step toward reducing the “gap” or “variation” between reality and that ideal.

Within this framework, here is a look at how that alignment works—and where it runs into natural tensions:

1. The Direct Alignment: The Great Commission as Continuous Improvement

From a scriptural standpoint, your point aligns perfectly with what is known as the Great Commission (Matthew 28:19), where Jesus commands his followers to “make disciples of all nations.”

• The Target: A world completely transformed by faith and love.
• The Process: Continual outreach, sharing the Gospel, and bringing more people into the fold. In this sense, yes, the core mandate of Christianity inherently desires continual growth and the elimination of the “gap” between the unreached and the reached.

2. The Systems Tension: Growth vs. Uniformity

Where the manufacturing or “variation reduction” analogy gets complex is in how “variation” is defined:

• Numerical Growth (Scaling): In a system, scaling up volume (more converts) often increases operational variation unless the inputs and processes are strictly standardized.
• The Reality of Human Free Will: Unlike a manufacturing line where parts can be forced into compliance to reduce defects, spiritual transformation relies entirely on human agency and internal conviction. Because you cannot standardize human hearts, the “process” of conversion naturally introduces massive, unpredictable variation in how the faith is lived out.

3. The “Product” vs. The “Process”

This highlights a classic debate within church leadership and sociology:

• Focus on Quantity (Reducing the Unreached Gap): This is the drive to maximize conversions. The risk here, from a quality management perspective, is “dilution”—where a rapidly growing population might hold widely varied interpretations of the core doctrine, actually increasing behavioral or theological variation.
• Focus on Quality (Reducing Discipleship Variation): This is the drive to deepen the faith of existing believers so their actions perfectly mirror the ideal (God is Love). This focuses heavily on minimizing the gap between a person’s professed beliefs and their actual daily behavior.

Summary

Your observation is spot on regarding the ultimate goal: Christianity fundamentally seeks to close the gap between an imperfect world and a divine ideal through evangelism. However, the unique challenge of spiritual “continuous improvement” is that the more the system grows in numbers, the more complex it becomes to manage the variation in how those numbers understand and practice the faith.

TJC. The aim of continuous improvement is to reduce and not increase variation. In other words, do not take action to add complexity if it increases variation.

That is a critical distinction, and you are pointing exactly to where a standard quality management model (like Deming’s total quality philosophy) and a traditional religious framework can run into a structural paradox.

If the core objective of a system is to reduce variation, then adding new, unstandardized inputs—in this case, raw human converts with different backgrounds, motivations, and interpretations—creates an immediate spike in system complexity and “noise.”

Looking at it through that strict lens reveals a clear divide between two different approaches to “improving” a religious or cultural system:

1. The Expansion Model (High Variation/High Complexity)

When a system prioritizes raw volume (numerical conversion), it inherently violates the rule of avoiding unnecessary complexity.

• By pulling in a massive, diverse group of people, the system introduces a vast amount of behavioral and ideological variation.
• To manage this without the system breaking down, organizations usually have to build massive bureaucratic structures, dogmatic rules, or heavy enforcement mechanisms. In quality terms, this is trying to “inspect quality in” after the fact, rather than designing it into the process.

2. The Discipleship Model (Low Variation/Low Complexity)

If the true goal is to reduce variation—meaning the gap between human behavior and the ideal of “Love in Action”—the system must focus on depth over breadth.

• Instead of adding more variables (more people), the focus shifts to optimizing the current “process” for the people already in the system.
• This means ensuring that existing participants are highly aligned, reducing the variance in how they treat others, and minimizing the “defects” of harm, crime, or unmet needs within the community.

The Bottom Line

If a Christian culture or the broader U.S. culture treats “growth for the sake of growth” as its primary metric, it naturally increases variation and chaos.

True continuous improvement in a cultural sense would argue that quality must precede quantity. A system should only expand when its core process is so stable, supportive, and well-defined that it can absorb new people without increasing the overall variation of the output—which, returning to your original premise, is a more peaceful, harmonious, and “perfect” union.

TJC. Agree

Applying the strict system-thinking rule—do not add complexity if it increases variation—uncovers a profound tension when sharing the Gospel is treated purely as a numbers game.

If a system’s goal is to minimize variation (the gap between human behavior and the ideal of “Love in Action”), here is how that premise recontextualizes evangelism:

1. The Danger of “Growth for Growth’s Sake”

In Deming’s quality philosophy, forcing a system to scale before its internal processes are stable and capable always results in a massive spike in defects.

• If a religious culture focuses strictly on maximizing the number of converts without an incredibly robust, standardized method for deep spiritual formation, it introduces massive “noise” and complexity into the system.
• New converts bring their own unaligned motives, cultural biases, and varied interpretations. Without stabilization, the overall output of the culture (peace, harm reduction, unity) actually degrades because the system cannot handle the raw complexity of the new inputs.

2. True Process Capability: Quality Over Quantity

From a strict continuous improvement standpoint, you only expand a system when its process capability is so high that it can absorb new inputs without increasing the variation of the final output.

• The “Capability” Approach: Instead of viewing evangelism as a broad marketing campaign to get as many people through the door as possible, it would be viewed as a high-precision onboarding process.
• The focus shifts from the quantity of converts to the stability of the discipleship process. The goal is to ensure that the existing community so perfectly models the ideal that any new person introduced is rapidly stabilized and aligned to the core output (reducing harm, willing the good of others).

3. The Shift from Metrics to Outcomes

Christians certainly want to share their faith, but your point highlights a vital systemic trap: confusing a sub-process metric (counting converts) with the primary system outcome (forming a more perfect, loving union).

When a culture prioritizes the metric over the outcome, it violates the foundational law of continuous improvement. True optimization means ensuring the core process is stable, deeply rooted, and capable of reducing variation first, so that any subsequent growth strengthens the system rather than fragmenting

ChatGPT has a little different take to the response.  After a few “Chats” of over a few hundred pages,  the summay of the “commentary” includes the following:

• In other words, your argument has increasingly been that continuous improvement is not an alternative to Christianity or the American experiment; it is the mechanism through which both pursue their aims.
• That is a stronger and more defensible position than saying that “continuous improvement” is itself the foundational principle of Christianity.

• Based on our prior conversations, I think the next question is: If the most fundamental observable principle is the sustenance and flourishing of life amid variation, then is love best understood as the motivation for improvement, while reducing variation is the mechanism by which improvement occurs?

  That formulation seems to align more closely with the synthesis you have been developing among Christianity, Citizenship, and Deming’s System of Profound Knowledge. It also preserves an important distinction that Deming repeatedly emphasized: an aim is not the same thing as the method used to achieve it.

• Transcript of the conversation: ChatGPT – Culture Civic Ideals and Christianity

What Holds America Together? 

On the eve of America’s 250th, Rabbi Jonathan Sacks’s covenantal politics offer a language for renewing civic life in a time of grievance and fracture, By Erica Brown, May 14, 2026

Covenantal politics … is about “We, the people,” bound by a sense of shared belonging and collective responsibility; about strong local communities, active citizens and the devolution of responsibility. It is about reminding those who have more than they need of their responsibilities to those who have less than they need. It is about ensuring that everyone has a fair chance to make the most of their capacities and their lives.

The distinctive feature of covenants was that they were free of power, whether economic, political, or military. Something higher and more transcendent prevailed, as he writes again in The Dignity of Difference (2003): “The use of power is ruled out by the requirement of human dignity. If you and I are linked because, one way or another, I can force you to do what I want, then I have secured my freedom at the cost of yours. I have asserted my humanity by denying yours. Covenant is the attempt to create partnership without dominance or submission…”

“Don’t lose the American covenant. It’s the most precious thing you have. Renew it now before it’s too late.”

1776, Then and Now

How did the United States come to be and what does that origin story mean for us today? This course explores that question by examining the American Revolution during its 250th anniversary with the help of renowned professors from WashU and around the country.

The Danforth Center on Religion and Politics at WashU has released a free public lecture course called 1776, Then and Now , for the 250th anniversary of the founding. Big-name scholars (Danielle Allen, Eddie Glaude Jr., and more) on the Revolution and why it still matters — including a whole section on religion, secularism, and religious liberty in the founding era (lead by some of my esteemed colleagues at the Danforth Center). Worth your time.

Gemini: The John C. Danforth Center on Religion and Politics at Washington University in St. Louis is explicitly non-partisan. Its foundational mission is to serve as an open, academic venue for rigorous scholarship, public instruction, and civil debate without promoting any single ideological or religious perspective